{"id":1741,"date":"2026-07-21T01:33:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T17:33:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2026-07-21T01:33:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T17:33:47","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/surge-protective-device-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (SPD)\u061f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-1\"><strong><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)\u061f<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65314?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-11<\/a><\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/codes-and-standards\/nfpa-70-standard-development\/70?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 242 \u0645\u0646 NFPA 70\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (NEC)<\/a>,<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-2\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<br>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br><strong>IEC 60050-161<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064d \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<br>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/4223?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61000-4-5<\/a> <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u061b 10\/700 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f 1.2\/50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-4\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"302\" src=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/how-surge-protective-device-works.png\" alt=\"How a surge protective device (SPD) works in three steps.\" class=\"wp-image-1742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/how-surge-protective-device-works.png 905w, https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/how-surge-protective-device-works-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/how-surge-protective-device-works-768x256.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629): \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 (\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629): \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (Uc) \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 (\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 (PE). \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: MOV \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 GDT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"739\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/mov-vs-gdt-surge-protection-components.png\" alt=\"MOV vs. GDT components inside a surge protective device (SPD).\" class=\"wp-image-1743\" style=\"width:750px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/mov-vs-gdt-surge-protection-components.png 739w, https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/mov-vs-gdt-surge-protection-components-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 MOV \u0648GDT\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (MOV): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDT): \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-5\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c, <em><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/strong> <\/em>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c, <strong><em>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/em><\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC 61643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Iimp)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0643\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (In) \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 (Imax).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \/ 30 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 I+II) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (Up) \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC 61643 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Iimp) \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (In \/ Imax).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-7\"><strong><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u06488\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>Iimp\u060c Up<\/td><td>Iimp\u060c In\u060c Imax\u060c Up<\/td><td>In\u060c Imax\u060c Up<\/td><td>Uoc\u060c Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD). \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-9\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a. \u0641\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (VFD)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 CNC \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 16 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a: \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u2014 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65315?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-01<\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/services\/surge-protection-device-testing-and-certification-services?utm_sourcet.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UL 1449.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong><em>\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-13\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Uc<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (LPZ)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Iimp \u0648In \u0648Imax<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f Up<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 6: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Uc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Uc \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 230\/400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a TN-S \u0623\u0648 TN-C-S \u0623\u0648 TT<\/td><td>275 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 L\u2013N<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 230 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a IT<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/td><td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Ucpv \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 Voc \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (LPZ)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u2013 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 0 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a Iimp \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 12.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064825 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f Up \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong><em>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u2013 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 In \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648Imax \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 40\u201380 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f Up \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.5 \u06481.8 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong><em>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a Uoc \u0648Up\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong><em>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u2013 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 Iimp \u0648In \u0648Imax \u0648Up \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a Iimp \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 12.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064825 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 In \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><em><strong>\u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>Iimp\u060c Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>In\u060c Imax\u060c Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>Uoc\u060c Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>Iimp \u0648In \u0648Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>Ucpv \u0648Iimp \u0623\u0648 In \u0648Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>Up \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Iimp \u0648In \u0648Imax<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a Iimp \u0648In \u0648Imax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iimp \u2013 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Iimp \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a In \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">30\u201340 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 In \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Imax \u2013 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Imax \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644.<br>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Imax \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 In\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a Imax \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">20\u201340 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">40\u201380 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Iimp<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 In \u0648Imax<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0640 Iimp \u0648In<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 Up \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 Iimp \u0648In \u0648Imax \u0648Up \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-20 is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0630\u0648 Imax \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 Up \u0623\u0648 Uc \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f Up<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c, <strong>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<br>\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 Up \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 Up \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 Uc\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 Up \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<br>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><em>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Up \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Up \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 Up. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Phoenix Contact \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0647.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Iimp \u0648Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 In \u0648Imax \u0648Up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td><td>Select a sufficiently low Up and install the SPD close to the load<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Type 1+2 combined SPD<\/td><td>Check Iimp, In, and Up together<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Long distance between distribution boards<\/td><td>Consider an additional downstream SPD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\uff1a<br>Do not select an SPD based only on the lowest Up value. An SPD with a low Up but insufficient discharge capacity may be damaged by the expected surge current. Conversely, an SPD with high discharge capacity but an excessively high Up may not adequately protect sensitive equipment.<br>The final selection should balance:<br><strong>Uc + Up + Iimp\/In\/Imax + equipment withstand voltage + installation distance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">After selecting the SPD type and electrical ratings, confirm that the device matches the system configuration and installation requirements. The number of poles, internal disconnection function, remote signaling option, and backup protective device all affect the safety and reliability of the installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Confirm the Number of Poles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The SPD pole configuration should match the power system, conductor arrangement, and protection mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Common SPD Configuration<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Single-phase L\u2013N system<\/td><td>1P+N or 2P<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Three-phase three-wire system<\/td><td>3P<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Three-phase four-wire system<\/td><td>3P+N or 4P<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TN-C system<\/td><td>Protection between phase conductors and PEN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TN-S or TN-C-S system<\/td><td>Protection between L\u2013N and N\u2013PE, depending on the selected circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TT system<\/td><td>Commonly uses a 3+1 or 1+1 circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC or PV system<\/td><td>Select the pole configuration according to system voltage, polarity, and grounding arrangement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The number of poles alone is not enough to determine suitability. The protection circuit must also match the system earthing arrangement and the voltage that may appear between conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check the Disconnection Device<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Most SPDs include an internal thermal disconnection device that separates the protective component from the power system when it reaches the end of its service life or overheats.<br>The disconnection device helps reduce the risk of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Thermal runaway<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Overheating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Short circuit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Fire caused by a failed MOV or other protective component<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The SPD should also provide a clear status indicator so that maintenance personnel can identify when the protection module needs replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Determine Whether Remote Signaling Is Required<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">A remote signaling contact allows the SPD operating status to be monitored from a control panel, alarm system, PLC, or building management system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Remote signaling is particularly useful in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Unattended substations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Industrial production lines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Data centers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Telecom facilities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Solar PV plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Critical power systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">When remote monitoring is required, check the contact type, terminal arrangement, rated voltage, and rated current of the signaling contact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the Backup Protective Device<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">An SPD may require an upstream fuse or circuit breaker to protect the circuit if the SPD fails or develops an internal short circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The backup protective device should be selected according to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The manufacturer\u2019s specified maximum backup fuse or circuit breaker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The available short-circuit current at the installation point<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The SPD\u2019s short-circuit current rating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The type and cross-sectional area of the connecting conductors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Coordination with the upstream protective device<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Do not select the backup fuse or circuit breaker only according to the SPD discharge-current rating. Follow the manufacturer\u2019s coordination table and installation instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Main Point to Confirm<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/td><td>Match the phase conductors, neutral conductor, and earthing system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disconnection device<\/td><td>Confirm internal thermal disconnection and visible status indication<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Remote signaling<\/td><td>Confirm whether remote alarm or system monitoring is required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Backup protection<\/td><td>Follow the manufacturer\u2019s recommended fuse or circuit-breaker rating<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Replaceable module<\/td><td>Check whether the protection cartridge can be replaced without changing the base<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Short-circuit rating<\/td><td>Confirm suitability for the prospective short-circuit current<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br>An SPD with the correct Uc, Up, and discharge-current rating may still be unsuitable if the pole configuration or backup protection is incorrect. Always verify the complete installation arrangement rather than selecting the SPD only from its front-label parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 6: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">When several SPDs are installed at different levels of the electrical system, they must operate in a coordinated sequence. The upstream SPD should discharge the highest surge energy, while the downstream SPD further reduces the residual voltage before it reaches sensitive equipment.<br>Proper energy coordination prevents a downstream SPD from being overloaded before the upstream device has diverted the main surge current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical Cascaded Protection Arrangement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Protection Level<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Typical SPD Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>First stage<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>Discharge high-energy lightning currents<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Second stage<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>Sub-distribution board or control cabinet<\/td><td>Limit residual surges and switching overvoltages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final stage<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/td><td>Close to sensitive equipment<\/td><td>Further reduce residual voltage<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Check the Distance Between SPDs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Cable length between two SPDs affects how surge energy is shared. The inductance of the connecting cable can help create the voltage difference required for the upstream and downstream SPDs to operate in the correct sequence.<br>However, there is no single spacing rule that applies to every SPD combination. The required distance depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">SPD technology and internal design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Upstream and downstream Up values<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Discharge-current ratings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Cable routing and conductor length<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Manufacturer-tested coordination data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Some installations use cable length to provide natural decoupling. Where the available distance is insufficient, a coordinated SPD combination or a specified decoupling element may be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Use Manufacturer-Verified Combinations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The safest method is to select upstream and downstream SPDs that have been tested and confirmed as an energy-coordinated combination by the manufacturer.<br>Check the manufacturer\u2019s documentation for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Permitted upstream and downstream SPD combinations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Minimum separation distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Whether an additional decoupling element is required<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Maximum discharge-current capability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Backup protective device requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Effective voltage protection level at the load<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Do not assume that two SPDs are coordinated simply because one is Type 1 and the other is Type 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consider the Distance to the Protected Equipment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">When sensitive equipment is located far from the main SPD, an additional downstream SPD may be necessary. Long cables can pick up new induced surges and can also increase the voltage reaching the equipment.<br>For long distribution circuits, consider installing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Type 2 protection in downstream distribution boards<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Type 3 protection close to sensitive terminal equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Additional SPDs where required by the project design or manufacturer\u2019s instructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Practical Coordination Checklist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Item to Verify<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Selection Requirement<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SPD sequence<\/td><td>Type 1 or Type 1+2 upstream, followed by Type 2 and Type 3 where required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy capacity<\/td><td>Upstream SPD handles the highest surge energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage limitation<\/td><td>Downstream SPD provides a lower effective protection level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separation distance<\/td><td>Follow manufacturer-tested requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cable layout<\/td><td>Keep all SPD connections short and direct<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Product compatibility<\/td><td>Use verified coordinated combinations where possible<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected-equipment distance<\/td><td>Add downstream protection when the load is far from the main SPD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br>Energy coordination is not achieved simply by installing several SPDs in series. The devices must share surge energy correctly without overloading the downstream unit.<br>A poorly coordinated system may cause the Type 2 or Type 3 SPD to operate too early and absorb more energy than it can withstand. Final coordination should therefore follow the manufacturer\u2019s tested combination data and installation instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-24\"><strong>Where Are Surge Protective Devices Commonly Used?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Surge protective devices are widely used in residential, commercial, industrial, communication, renewable energy, transportation, and outdoor electrical systems. Their main purpose is to protect electrical and electronic equipment from transient overvoltages caused by lightning, switching operations, and power system disturbances.<br>The required SPD type depends on the system voltage, installation location, earthing arrangement, equipment sensitivity, and expected surge exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Application<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Typical Equipment Protected<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Common Protection Approach<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Residential buildings<\/td><td>Household appliances, computers, security systems, and smart home devices<\/td><td>Type 2 at the main distribution board; Type 1 or Type 1+2 may be required for buildings with external lightning protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commercial buildings<\/td><td>Elevators, HVAC systems, fire alarms, CCTV, servers, and building management systems<\/td><td>Type 1 or Type 1+2 at the service entrance, followed by Type 2 protection in downstream boards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industrial facilities<\/td><td>PLCs, variable-frequency drives, sensors, automation equipment, and production lines<\/td><td>Coordinated Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data centers and communication systems<\/td><td>Servers, UPS systems, network equipment, communication devices, and signal lines<\/td><td>Power-line SPDs combined with dedicated data and signal-line protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>PV modules, combiner boxes, inverters, and AC\/DC distribution circuits<\/td><td>DC SPDs on the PV side and AC SPDs on the inverter output side<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EV charging stations<\/td><td>AC chargers, DC fast chargers, controllers, payment modules, and communication equipment<\/td><td>SPD protection at the incoming supply and charging equipment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind power and energy storage systems<\/td><td>Converters, inverters, battery management systems, control cabinets, and monitoring equipment<\/td><td>AC and DC SPDs selected according to the system architecture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outdoor equipment and LED lighting<\/td><td>Streetlights, traffic systems, cameras, electronic signs, and outdoor control cabinets<\/td><td>Local SPD protection close to exposed outdoor equipment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>In practice, larger or more complex systems usually require multi-stage surge protection. A high-energy SPD may be installed at the main service entrance, while additional Type 2 or Type 3 SPDs are installed closer to downstream distribution boards and sensitive equipment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-26\"><strong>Where Should a Surge Protective Device Be Installed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">The effectiveness of a surge protective device depends not only on selecting the correct SPD type, but also on installing it at the appropriate location within the electrical system. Proper installation helps ensure that surge energy is safely diverted to earth before it reaches sensitive electrical or electronic equipment.<br>In most low-voltage installations, SPDs are installed in stages to provide coordinated protection from the service entrance to the final load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.234), 17px);\"><strong>Typical SPD Installation Locations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Primary Purpose<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>Divert high-energy lightning currents entering the building<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Main distribution board<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>Protect downstream electrical circuits from switching surges and residual lightning surges<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sub-distribution board<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>Provide additional protection for branch circuits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Close to sensitive equipment<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/td><td>Reduce the remaining surge voltage before it reaches sensitive electronic equipment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>Protect photovoltaic DC circuits and inverters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Control cabinets and communication systems<\/td><td>Type 2, Type 3, or signal-line SPDs<\/td><td>Protect PLCs, communication equipment, and control electronics<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Installation Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">To achieve the best protection performance, SPDs should be installed as close as possible to the equipment or distribution point they protect. The connecting conductors should be short and direct to minimize additional inductive voltage during surge discharge.<br>When the distance between the main SPD and the protected equipment is relatively long, an additional downstream SPD may be required to maintain an effective protection level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-27 is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When planning an SPD installation, the following principles should always be considered:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Install the appropriate SPD type at each protection level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep all connecting conductors as short and straight as possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensure reliable bonding to the earthing system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Follow the manufacturer\u2019s recommendations for backup protection and coordination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use coordinated multi-stage protection for large or complex electrical installations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-28\"><strong>Common SPD Installation Mistakes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/common-spd-installation-mistakes.png\" alt=\"Illustration of common surge protective device (SPD) installation mistakes, including incorrect grounding, excessive lead length, poor coordination, and improper installation practices.\" class=\"wp-image-1745\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.3486835417302023;width:722px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/common-spd-installation-mistakes.png 667w, https:\/\/jutrion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/common-spd-installation-mistakes-300x128.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">Even a correctly selected surge protective device may fail to provide effective protection if it is installed incorrectly. Common installation mistakes can increase the residual voltage, reduce the SPD\u2019s service life, or prevent the surge current from being safely diverted.The following issues should be checked during installation and commissioning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Common Mistake<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Why It Is a Problem<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Recommended Practice<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Installing the wrong SPD type<\/td><td>A Type 2 or Type 3 SPD may not be able to withstand the surge energy expected at the service entrance<\/td><td>Match the SPD type to the installation location and surge exposure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Selecting an incorrect Uc<\/td><td>A Uc value that is too low may cause premature operation or damage; a value that is too high may reduce protection effectiveness<\/td><td>Select Uc according to the system voltage and earthing arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Using excessively long connecting conductors<\/td><td>Long conductors add inductive voltage during surge discharge and increase the effective protection level<\/td><td>Keep the connection path short, direct, and free from unnecessary loops<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Poor earthing or equipotential bonding<\/td><td>A high-impedance earth path can prevent surge current from being discharged effectively<\/td><td>Ensure reliable earthing and equipotential bonding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ignoring backup protection<\/td><td>An internal SPD fault may not be safely disconnected from the power system<\/td><td>Install the fuse or circuit breaker specified by the manufacturer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installing only one SPD in a large system<\/td><td>A single SPD may not provide sufficient protection for distant distribution boards or sensitive loads<\/td><td>Use coordinated multi-stage protection where required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Using an incorrect pole or circuit configuration<\/td><td>The SPD may not protect all required conductors or may be unsuitable for the earthing system<\/td><td>Match the SPD circuit to the phase, neutral, polarity, and grounding arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Failing to coordinate multiple SPDs<\/td><td>A downstream SPD may absorb more surge energy than it can withstand<\/td><td>Use manufacturer-verified coordinated combinations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installing the SPD too far from the protected equipment<\/td><td>Long downstream cables may allow additional induced surges or increase the voltage reaching the equipment<\/td><td>Add downstream Type 2 or Type 3 protection when necessary<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Failing to inspect or replace a failed SPD<\/td><td>Once the SPD reaches end of life, the circuit may no longer be protected<\/td><td>Check the status indicator and replace failed modules promptly<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>To avoid these mistakes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select the SPD according to the system voltage, earthing arrangement, and installation location.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep the total connection path as short and direct as practical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the correct backup protective device.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensure reliable earthing and equipotential bonding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verify coordination between upstream and downstream SPDs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inspect the SPD status indicator during routine maintenance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br>The SPD itself is only one part of the surge protection system. Its actual performance also depends on conductor routing, earthing quality, backup protection, installation distance, and coordination with other SPDs.<br>A high-performance SPD can still provide poor protection if the installation layout is incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-30\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions About Surge Protective Devices<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Can an SPD Be Used Without a Backup Fuse or Circuit Breaker?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on the SPD design and the manufacturer\u2019s installation requirements. Some SPDs require an external backup fuse or circuit breaker, while others may include integrated overcurrent protection.<br>The backup protective device is used to disconnect the SPD safely if it develops an internal short circuit or reaches the end of its service life. Its rating should not be selected only according to the SPD\u2019s discharge-current rating.<br>Always follow the manufacturer\u2019s specified maximum backup fuse or circuit-breaker rating, short-circuit current requirements, and coordination instructions.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong>How Should a Surge Protective Device Be Maintained?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">SPD maintenance mainly involves regular inspection rather than internal repair. During routine electrical maintenance, check the status indicator, remote signaling contact, terminal tightness, signs of overheating, and the condition of the backup protective device.<br>The SPD should also be inspected after severe thunderstorms, lightning events, major power-system faults, or repeated tripping of the upstream protective device.<br>Replace the SPD or plug-in protection module if:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>The status indicator shows failure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A remote alarm is activated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The enclosure is discolored, cracked, or overheated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The backup fuse or circuit breaker has operated because of an SPD fault.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The manufacturer\u2019s replacement criteria have been reached.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong>How Long Does a Surge Protective Device Last?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD does not have a fixed service life. Its lifespan depends on the number, magnitude, and duration of the surges it absorbs, as well as system voltage, temporary overvoltages, environmental conditions, and product quality.<br>An SPD may remain operational for many years in a low-surge environment, but a single severe surge can significantly reduce its remaining capacity or cause immediate failure.<br>The status indicator and remote signaling contact should therefore be used to determine whether the SPD is still operational. Replacement should be based on actual condition and manufacturer guidance rather than a fixed number of years alone.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong><strong>Do I Need Both AC and DC Surge Protection?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Both AC and DC surge protection may be required when a system contains separate AC and DC circuits. An AC SPD cannot automatically replace a DC SPD because the two devices are designed for different voltage characteristics, arc-extinguishing requirements, and system configurations.<br>For example, a solar PV system may require:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>A DC SPD on the PV array, combiner box, or inverter DC input.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An AC SPD on the inverter output or AC distribution board.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Energy storage systems, EV charging systems, and industrial DC control circuits may also require separate AC and DC protection.<br>The selected SPD must be rated for the actual system voltage, polarity, grounding arrangement, and maximum continuous operating voltage.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong><strong><strong>Can a Damaged SPD Continue Protecting Equipment?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">A damaged SPD should not be assumed to provide effective protection. Some SPDs contain an internal disconnection device that isolates the failed protection component while allowing the electrical circuit to remain energized.<br>In this condition, the connected equipment may continue operating, but surge protection may already be partially or completely lost.<br>If the status indicator shows failure or the remote alarm is activated, replace the SPD or protection module as soon as possible. Continuing to operate without replacement may leave downstream equipment unprotected.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>Are SPDs Required for Solar PV Systems?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">SPD requirements for solar PV systems depend on the applicable electrical standard, lightning protection design, installation risk, cable routing, and local regulations.<br>PV systems are particularly exposed to induced surges because modules and DC cables are usually installed outdoors and may cover a large area. SPDs are commonly installed on the DC side, AC side, or both.<br>Typical locations include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>PV combiner boxes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inverter DC inputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inverter AC outputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Main AC distribution boards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The required SPD type depends on whether the building has an external lightning protection system, the separation distance, the system voltage, and the lightning exposure level.<br>Therefore, SPDs are not selected simply because the system is photovoltaic. The need, type, and installation position should be determined by the applicable project requirements and risk assessment.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-palette-color-6-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-palette-color-9-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>LOOKING FOR A SUITABLE SPD FOR YOUR PROJECT?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.078), 15px);\">After understanding the different SPD types, selection parameters, installation locations, and coordination requirements, you may also explore our complete range of surge protective devices for AC and DC applications.<br>Visit our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86\/\"><em>Surge Protective Devices (SPD) product<\/em><\/a><\/strong> category to compare available models, voltage ratings, discharge current levels, pole configurations, and application options.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-9-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-32 is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ABOUT THIS GUIDE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide was prepared to help engineers, panel builders, electrical contractors, system integrators, and industrial buyers better understand surge protective devices (SPDs), their operating principles, selection criteria, installation practices, and common applications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>REFERENCES AND TECHNICAL SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2060<a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65314?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-11:2025 \u2013 Low-Voltage Surge Protective Devices \u2013 Requirements and Test Methods<\/a> \u2014 International Electrotechnical Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/32531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-12 \u2013 Low-Voltage Surge Protective Devices \u2013 Selection and Application Principles<\/a> \u2014 International Electrotechnical Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/services\/surge-protection-device-testing-and-certification-services?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UL 1449 \u2013 Standard for Surge Protective Devices<\/a> \u2014 UL Solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/codes-and-standards\/nfpa-70-standard-development\/70?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NFPA 70 \u2013 National Electrical Code (NEC) <\/a>\u2014 National Fire Protection Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/C62.41.2\/2859\/?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2060IEEE C62.41.2 \u2013 Recommended Practice on Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits<\/a> \u2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nema.org\/membership\/products\/view\/low-voltage-surge-protective-devices?utm_source.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEMA \u2013 Low Voltage Surge Protective Devices Guidance<\/a>\u2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/29590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2060IEC 62305-4 \u2013 Protection Against Lightning \u2013 Electrical and Electronic Systems Within Structures<\/a>\u2014 International Electrotechnical Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/30774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-32 \u2013 Surge Protective Devices Connected to the DC Side of Photovoltaic Installations<\/a>\u2014 International Electrotechnical Commission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Is a Surge Protective Device (SPD)? A Surge Protective Device (SPD) is an electrical protection device designed to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents. Under normal operating conditions, the SPD remains in a high-impedance state and has little to no effect on the electrical system. When lightning, utility switching, motor starting and stopping, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electrical-guides"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1741"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1747,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741\/revisions\/1747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}