{"id":1855,"date":"2026-07-27T22:15:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T14:15:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/?p=1855"},"modified":"2026-07-27T22:25:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T14:25:59","slug":"%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%94%e1%9f%80%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%87%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%be%e1%9e%9f%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%be%e1%9e%9f-dc-spd-%e1%9e%9f%e1%9e%98%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%94%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%94%e1%9f%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jutrion.com\/km\/how-to-select-dc-spd-solar-pv\/","title":{"rendered":"\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f DC SPD \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17bc\u17a1\u17b6 PV: \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u179a\u17a0\u17d0\u179f\u17d6 \u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb DC SPD \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17bc\u17a1\u17b6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Choose a DC SPD by four inputs: the array’s maximum open-circuit voltage, its maximum short-circuit current, whether a lightning protection system is present, and the earthing arrangement. Size the maximum continuous operating voltage to Ucpv \u2265 1.2 \u00d7 the array’s maximum Voc<\/strong> (IEC 61643-32) \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/strong> \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6 \u17ac \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u17ac\u1798\u17b6\u1793 LPS \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3 DC \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u17d4 \u1795\u17d2\u1782\u17bc\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17d6 600 V, 1000 V \u17ac 1500 V\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A DC surge protective device fails in a way an AC one never does. On a cold, clear morning a photovoltaic string sits at its highest voltage of the year, the array is live the instant the sun clears the horizon, and there is no alternating zero-crossing to help extinguish an internal arc. An SPD chosen against the nominal system voltage \u2014 “it’s a 1000 V system, so a 1000 V device is fine” \u2014 can sit permanently overstressed, drift into leakage, and trip its thermal disconnector months before its rated life. The number that protects the array is not the nominal voltage; it is the array’s real maximum open-circuit voltage plus a margin, and everything else in the specification follows from getting that one figure right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1780\u17cd\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1784\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u17ac\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb EPC \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u17d6 \u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 \u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 \u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u1794\u17b7\u1791\u179a\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b7\u179b\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179b\u17be\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1781\u17bb\u179f \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17b8 \u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799 \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 AC \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179c\u178a\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u1781\u17d0\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u1793\u17c3 IEC 61643-31 (\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb PV DC SPDs) \u1793\u17b7\u1784 IEC 61643-32 (\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f)\u17d4 \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1, 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 3 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 AC \u1793\u17b7\u1784 DC \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17be\u179b \u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1780\u17cd\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789<\/a>; \u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1794\u1791\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c3\u1782\u17bc\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 DC SPD \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6 AC SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u17a0\u17c0\u1784<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17bd\u1784\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b AC \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 PV \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17cf\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u17d4 \u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u1799\u178a\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8; \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a \u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u17d4 \u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 photovoltaic \u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17a2\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178a\u179b\u17c4\u17a0\u17c8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17bc DC \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17d6 \u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17a2\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178a\u179b\u17c4\u17a0\u17c8 (MOV) \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17c9\u17c1\u178a\u1784\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178e\u17b6\u178e\u17bc\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u179a\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u17d7\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u17bc\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784 MOV \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17d0\u1793 (GDT) \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17c1\u179a\u17b8 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179b\u17bb\u1794\u1794\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17c1\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17d4 \u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u179c\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17c1 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u17a5\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1794\u1790\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b \u2014 \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17bc\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u17a1\u17bc\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u2014 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb DC\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u179b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7 SPD DC \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb PV \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179b\u17c4\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a DC \u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 DC \u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u178f \u17ac\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1784\u17b6\u179a \u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb AC \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1799\u17c4\u1784\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1789\u17c2\u1780\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17c2\u1780\u179b\u17be\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17d4 IEC 61643-31 \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC \u1793\u17c3\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784 PV \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a \u2014 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 AC \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1799\u1780\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1798\u17c1\u179b\u17be\u179f \u17ac\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17bc\u179a \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1782\u17ba\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u17ac\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1799\u17ba\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb \u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1798\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8 \u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179b\u17be\u179f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u1794<\/a>, \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793 SPD \u1791\u17c1\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u17d6 \u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785 SPD<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799 SPD \u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u17d4 \u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17b2\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 Uoc(max)\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u1782\u17ba\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb Ucpv\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 Iscpv\u17d4.<\/strong> The array’s prospective short-circuit current at the SPD’s position, enhanced for irradiance and temperature. This sets the short-circuit withstand requirement and decides whether an external backup device is needed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793 LPS\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17be\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u17ac\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178f\u17c1\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c4\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb \u17ac\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1794\u17c2\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1+2\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u178a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 DC\u17d4.<\/strong> Functionally earthed or floating array, and the cable distance between array and inverter. This decides the SPD’s internal configuration and how many SPD locations the system needs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17b2\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1798\u17c1\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d4 \u1794\u17be\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17c3\u178a\u1793\u17d2\u1799 \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1791\u17c6\u1796\u17d0\u179a\u178e\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6 Ucpv\u17d6 \u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb 1.2 \u00d7 Voc \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Ucpv<\/strong> is the maximum continuous operating voltage the SPD can withstand indefinitely without degrading. Every mode of protection inside the device \u2014 positive-to-earth, negative-to-earth, and pole-to-pole \u2014 must ride above the array’s highest voltage under all service conditions. IEC 61643-32 states the rule directly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ucpv \u2265 1.2 \u00d7 Uoc(max)<\/strong>, where Uoc(max) is the array’s maximum open-circuit voltage at standard test conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6 1.2 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17c3\u178a\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17c4\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798 25 \u00b0C \u1793\u17c3\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u1781\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b 0.3% \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17ba\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u179b\u17b8\u1780\u17bb\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u17d4 \u179a\u17b9\u1798 20% \u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 SPD \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5 \u17ac\u179b\u17be\u179f Ucpv \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bc\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u179b\u17b9\u1798\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    \u17a7\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1782\u178e\u1793\u17b6\u17d6 \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 1500 V<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u1799\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 24 \u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780 STC 49.5 V\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 Uoc(max) \u1793\u17c5 STC = 24 \u00d7 49.5 V = 1188 V<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u17d6 Ucpv \u2265 1.2 \u00d7 1188 V = 1426 V<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u178f\u17bd\u179b\u17c1\u1781\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d6 SPD DC 1500 V<\/strong> (Ucpv \u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5 1500 V)\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17c4\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u17a2\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6 \u221210 \u00b0C \u178f\u17bd\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1782\u17ba\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u17c7 35 \u178a\u17ba\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c1 \u00d7 0.3%\/\u00b0C \u2248 +10.5% \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 Voc \u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b 1188 \u00d7 1.105 \u2248 1313 V<\/strong> \u2014 still comfortably below the 1500 V Ucpv. For a very cold climate, compute Voc at your own design minimum temperature with the module’s temperature coefficient and confirm Ucpv still clears it; the 1.2 factor covers ordinary conditions, not an Arctic install. Then map to the class shortlist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb ~600 V \u2192 \u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb Ucpv 600 V (\u17ac\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7)\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 1000 V \u2192 \u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 1000 V\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 1500 V \u2192 \u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 1500 V\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n

        \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2? \u1795\u17d2\u1782\u17bc\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784 SPD \u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        The type is a lightning-risk decision, not a quality tier. It follows from the fourth input above and from the site’s lightning protection design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/strong> \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u179b\u1780\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6 8\/20 \u00b5s \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd (In) \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 (Imax)\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178c\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a \u2014 \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u178a\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u1794\u17cb\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17c5\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/strong> \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7 \u1782\u17ba\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1797\u17b8\u179b Iimp \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u179b\u1780\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6 10\/350 \u00b5s \u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2\u17d4 \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1794\u17c2\u1780\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u17a0 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bc\u179b\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178f\u17c1\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c4\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb \u2014 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          The deciding question is whether direct or partial lightning current can reach the array wiring, which is assessed through the site’s lightning protection risk analysis (the IEC 62305 series). If the answer is yes, the extra Iimp capability of a Type 1+2 device is protecting against an energy the Type 2 test does not represent. If the answer is clearly no, a well-specified Type 2 device is the correct and more economical choice, not a compromise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 DC \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 SPD \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u17ac\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u17d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3<\/th>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1784\u17b1\u17d2\u1799<\/th>\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7<\/strong> (\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784)<\/td>\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17c6\u17a1\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784<\/td>Keep Up at least ~20 % below the impulse withstand voltage (Uw) of the inverter’s DC input, so a margin remains after lead-length losses<\/td><\/tr>
          In<\/strong> (\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd)<\/td>\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f 8\/20 \u00b5s \u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u1781\u17b6\u178f<\/td>In \u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784; \u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1791\u17c1<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0d8b\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8<\/strong> (\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6)<\/td>\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f 8\/20 \u00b5s \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1784<\/td>\u1796\u17b7\u178a\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1792\u17d2\u1784\u1793\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1784\u179a \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17bd\u179b\u17c1\u1781\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17c1; \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17b6\u1791\u17c1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Up is the rating that most often gets ignored and most directly decides whether the inverter survives. A device with an impressive Imax but a Up that sits close to the inverter’s withstand voltage lets through a transient the electronics cannot absorb. The JUTRION solar DC range, for example, specifies Up on its 40 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s Imax) devices so this coordination can be checked against the inverter datasheet rather than assumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          Coordinate the stages, and check the inverter’s built-in SPD<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          \u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 SPD \u1796\u17b8\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1787\u17bd\u1799 \u17ac\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17bb\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u17d4.<\/strong> When a Type 1+2 device at the array or combiner box works together with a Type 2 device at the inverter, the two must be energy-coordinated so the upstream device takes the high-energy hit and the downstream device only trims the residual. Coordination is achieved by keeping enough DC cable between the stages \u2014 roughly 10 metres provides sufficient inductive decoupling \u2014 or, where that distance is not available, by a decoupling inductor or a manufacturer-verified coordinated set. Mixing two makers’ devices with no defined decoupling can leave the downstream SPD overstressed; follow the manufacturer’s coordination data rather than assuming any two devices cooperate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1798\u17b6\u1793 SPD DC \u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17d4.<\/strong> \u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17be\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799 SPD DC Type 2 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u17ac\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c4\u178f\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u17d4 \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b DC \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17d6 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17b7\u178f\u1781\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 DC \u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u1791\u17c5\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb SPD \u1791\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e0 \u1798\u1798 \u1796\u17b8\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u1791\u17c1 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          \u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u179f \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5\u17d6 \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17bc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u17c6\u179b\u1784<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17b6\u17a1\u17bb\u1780 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1794\u1791\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8 SPD \u179f\u17bc\u17a1\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17c0\u1798\u17d4 \u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6 SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17bb\u17c6\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u179f DC\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1792\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 (Iscpv \/ SCCR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          The SPD must survive the array’s prospective short-circuit current at its installed position. Compare the device’s rated short-circuit withstand current, Iscpv, against the array’s maximum short-circuit current \u2014 approximately 1.25 \u00d7 the modules’ STC Isc for the relevant number of parallel strings, the 1.25 factor covering irradiance and temperature enhancement per PV array design practice (IEC 62548). For a combiner box gathering four parallel strings of modules rated 13.5 A STC short-circuit current, that is 1.25 \u00d7 13.5 A \u00d7 4 \u2248 \u17e6\u17e8 A<\/strong>; the SPD at that position needs an Iscpv rating at or above roughly 68 A. The SPD’s Iscpv must be equal to or greater than that figure at every location where it is installed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17bc DC \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 IEC 61643-31 \u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17b1\u17d2\u1799 SPD \u1789\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17d4 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5<\/strong> \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c5\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb SPD DC PV \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784 DC \u1791\u17c1\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          An external backup fuse or DC-rated disconnector is required only when the array’s prospective short-circuit current \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8<\/em> the SPD’s Iscpv rating. Many PV DC SPDs are rated to withstand the full string short-circuit current and need no external backup at all; adding an unnecessary fuse only introduces an extra failure point and lead length. Read the SPD datasheet: it states the maximum array short-circuit current the device tolerates unaided and, where a backup is needed, the recommended rating. On larger plants, also specify a device with a \u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799<\/strong> \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1783\u17be\u1789 SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799 \u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1791\u17bc\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1791\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n

          \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u17d6 \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a \u17e2 \u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 Y \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u178f<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

          PV DC SPDs come in more than one internal topology, and the choice depends on the array’s earthing arrangement. The two you will meet are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Standard 2-pole:<\/strong> \u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17b8\u17d4 \u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1789\u17d2\u1789 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1784\u17b6\u179a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 Y (\u17a0\u17c5\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u1790\u17b6 3+0 \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u179a\u17bb\u1794)\u17d6<\/strong> \u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1791\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17bd\u1799 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17d0\u1793 (\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784)\u17d4 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f DC \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17b8 \u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u179f\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17b8\u17a2\u1785\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u1799\u17cd\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c1 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u17a2\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u178f (\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b8) \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD DC PV \u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u179b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Match the configuration to the array’s earthing arrangement and confirm it against the SPD datasheet; a device chosen only on voltage and current but wired in the wrong topology can leave a mode of protection ineffective or introduce leakage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n

            \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17b8 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1784\u179f\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1796 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            An SPD is only as good as the earth path it discharges into. The surge current the device diverts has to reach the mass of earth through a low-impedance route, and if that route is long, thin, or loosely terminated, the let-through voltage rises no matter how good the device’s Up is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u17d4.<\/strong> Size the SPD’s connecting and earthing conductors for the surge, not just the working current. Common installation practice (IEC 60364-5-53) is at least 6 mm\u00b2 copper for a Type 2 device and at least 16 mm\u00b2 copper for a Type 1 or Type 1+2 device that carries partial lightning current. Confirm the figure against local wiring rules and the SPD instructions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1784\u179f\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17d4.<\/strong> Bond the SPD’s earth terminal to the array frame earthing and the main earthing system so that, during a surge, the whole installation rises and falls together and no dangerous potential difference appears across the inverter. On systems with a lightning protection system, this bonding is part of the LPS earthing design, not a separate afterthought.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u17d4.<\/strong> \u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178f\u17b9\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u17d4 \u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1792\u1793\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d7\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17b8\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1793\u17c3\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17bd\u179f\u1787\u17bb\u179b\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 SPD \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u179a \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b8\u1785\u1784 16 mm\u00b2 \u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n

              \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              SPD \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u17c4\u17c7 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1793\u17c3\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17c1\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • \u1793\u17c5\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b DC \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a<\/strong> \u2014 \u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793 SPD DC \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u1793\u17c5\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6<\/strong> \u2014 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 DC \u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b 10 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17d4 \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c4\u17c7 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 DC \u179c\u17c2\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789<\/strong> \u2014 on multi-string and large ground-mount systems, one SPD per string group plus the DC disconnect, following the array’s protection zones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17be\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                1. \u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb 0.5 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17d4.<\/strong> Keep the total connecting-lead length \u2014 the loop through the live poles and the earth conductor \u2014 to about 0.5 m. Every extra length of lead adds inductive voltage (V = L \u00d7 di\/dt) on top of the device’s Up during a fast surge, so neat cabling routed the long way round the enclosure quietly raises the let-through voltage. Take the shortest path to the busbar and the earth bar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. \u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n

                  \u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u17d6 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178c\u17b7\u1780\u17bc\u178a\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a SPD \u178c\u17b8\u179f\u17ca\u17b8 PV<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                  \u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be SPD \u178c\u17b8\u179f\u17ca\u17b8 PV \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799<\/th>\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6<\/th>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Ucpv (Uc DC)<\/td>\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a DC \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6<\/td>\u2265 1.2 \u00d7 Voc \u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c1 \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7<\/td><\/tr>
                  \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 \/ \u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 (\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb II) \u17ac \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2 (\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb I+II)<\/td>\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7<\/td><\/tr>
                  Iimp (10\/350 \u00b5s)<\/td>\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1<\/td>\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/td><\/tr>
                  In (8\/20 \u00b5s)<\/td>\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17d7<\/td>\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784; \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a<\/td><\/tr>
                  Imax (8\/20 \u00b5s)<\/td>\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6<\/td>\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780<\/td><\/tr>
                  \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7<\/td>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a (\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb)<\/td>\u2265 20 % \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb DC \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a<\/td><\/tr>
                  Iscpv \/ SCCR<\/td>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799<\/td>\u2265 array maximum short-circuit current at that point<\/td><\/tr>
                  Response time (tA)<\/td>How fast the element clamps<\/td>Nanosecond-order for MOV-based devices<\/td><\/tr>
                  Thermal disconnector \/ indicator<\/td>Internal fail-safe and status window<\/td>Present; green\/red or flag indication; pluggable module preferred<\/td><\/tr>
                  Remote signaling contact<\/td>Volt-free contact for monitoring<\/td>Specify on large or unattended plants<\/td><\/tr>
                  Operating temperature \/ IP<\/td>Environmental range and ingress rating<\/td>Suits the combiner-box climate and enclosure<\/td><\/tr>
                  Poles \/ mounting \/ terminals<\/td>2-pole or Y, 35 mm DIN rail, conductor capacity<\/td>Matches earthing arrangement and cable size<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  If any of these lines is missing from a datasheet \u2014 particularly Ucpv, Iscpv, or the thermal disconnector \u2014 treat the omission as a reason to ask, not an assumption to make. A device that will not state its short-circuit withstand or its DC voltage rating is not documented for the DC side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n

                  Don’t forget the AC side: protecting the whole PV system<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                  A PV surge-protection specification that stops at the DC side is only half a specification. The same lightning or switching event that threatens the array reaches the inverter’s AC output and the point of connection to the building or grid, and that side needs its own SPD to IEC 61643-11 \u2014 an AC<\/em> device, sized to the AC system voltage (for example Uc around 275 V line-to-earth on a 230\/400 V system), not a DC device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Coordinate the two sides: a Type 2 AC SPD at the inverter output and main AC board for a building with no external LPS, or a Type 1+2 AC SPD at the origin where an LPS is present, mirroring the logic used on the DC side. JUTRION’s AC range \u2014 the JUSPD-40AC (Type 2) and JUSPD-12.5AC (Type 1+2) \u2014 covers this side to the same standards, so a single supplier can provide a coordinated DC-and-AC set rather than two unmatched halves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n

                  \u76e3\u8996\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u4ea4\u63db<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                  \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  An SPD is a wear part. Every surge it diverts consumes a little of the varistor’s life, and the device is designed to reach end of life and disconnect rather than fail catastrophically. Specifying for that lifecycle is part of selection, not a separate maintenance topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u30d7\u30e9\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u5f0f\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3002.<\/strong> \u30d7\u30e9\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u5f0f\u4fdd\u8b77\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u914d\u7dda\u3055\u308c\u305f\u307e\u307e\u306e\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4ea4\u63db\u306f\u6570\u79d2\u3067\u6e08\u307f\u3001DC\u7aef\u5b50\u3084\u30a2\u30fc\u30b9\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u4e71\u3055\u306a\u3044 \u2014 \u65e5\u4e2d\u306b\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u96fb\u6e90\u3092\u5207\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u6d3b\u7ddaPV\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u72b6\u614b\u8868\u793a\u3002.<\/strong> \u6a5f\u68b0\u5f0f\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7dd1\u304b\u3089\u8d64\u3078\u306e\u7a93\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u307e\u3060\u4fdd\u8b77\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u304c\u4e00\u76ee\u3067\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u8ab0\u3082\u6bce\u9031\u30b3\u30f3\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u70b9\u691c\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5927\u578b\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5c4b\u6839\u8a2d\u7f6e\u30a2\u30ec\u30a4\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9060\u9694\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a5\u70b9\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u76e3\u8996\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u914d\u7dda\u3057\u3001\u5bff\u547d\u672b\u671f\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u8b66\u5831\u3092\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u70b9\u691c\u3068\u4ea4\u63db\u3002.<\/strong> Check the indicators at each scheduled maintenance visit and after any known severe lightning event in the area. When the window shows red or the module has disconnected, replace the module \u2014 it no longer protects, even though the array keeps generating. Isolate safely and follow the manufacturer’s live-working guidance before removing a module on an energised DC system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    Designing the array’s protection so a failed module can be seen and swapped quickly is what keeps the protection real years after commissioning, rather than a green light everyone assumes is still green.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n

                    Mfano uliofanyiwa kazi: paa la kibiashara la kW 100<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                    Mbinu hiyo inakusanyika pamoja kwenye mradi mmoja halisi. Kesi hii ni ya kielelezo, si usakinishaji maalum wa JUTRION, lakini hesabu ni hesabu ambayo ungefanya kweli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17d4.<\/strong> \u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be 100 kWp \u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 1500 V \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u178a\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178f\u17c1\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c4\u179a\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17d4 \u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b\u17d6 550 W, Voc(STC) 49.9 V, Isc(STC) 13.85 A, \u1798\u17c1\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Voc \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b \u22120.28 %\/\u00b0C\u17d4 \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 24 \u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b \u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b 15 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17d4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. \u178f\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1799\u17bb\u1784\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 Voc(STC) = 24 \u00d7 49.9 = 1197.6 V\u17d4 Ucpv \u2265 1.2 \u00d7 1197.6 = 1437 V<\/strong> \u2192 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 1500 V<\/strong> \u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u17a0\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 \u22125 \u00b0C\u17d6 +8.4 % \u179b\u17be Voc \u2248 1298 V \u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798 1500 V\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 1500 V; \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 26 \u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u178c\u17bb\u179b\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17bb\u1789 Ucpv \u178a\u179b\u17cb ~1560 V \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb 1500 V\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793 LPS \u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u2192 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179c\u17ba\u178f\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2 \u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be LPS \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798 \u17ac\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    3. \u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1792\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d6 Iscpv \u2265 1.25 \u00d7 13.85 \u00d7 4 \u2248 69 A<\/strong>. \u17d4 \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b Iscpv \u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb 69 A; \u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17bb\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1794\u1798\u17c1\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u17d4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    4. \u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u17d4.<\/strong> \u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799 15 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8 10 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u1784\u1781\u17b6\u1784<\/strong> the combiner boxes and the inverter DC input; the 15 m of cable also provides the decoupling that keeps the two stages energy-coordinated. First, though, check whether the inverters already contain an integrated DC SPD \u2014 if they do, keep the combiner-box devices and skip the redundant inverter-input ones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    5. Up and earthing.<\/strong> Confirm each device’s Up sits at least 20 % below the inverter’s DC withstand voltage, and earth each SPD with at least 6 mm\u00b2 copper bonded to the array frame and main earth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    6. AC side.<\/strong> Add a Type 2 AC SPD at the inverter AC output \/ main LV board, Uc about 275 V, to IEC 61643-11.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                      Result:<\/strong> Type 2, 1500 V-class DC SPDs with Iscpv \u2265 ~70 A at each combiner box and (if the inverter has no integrated device) at each inverter DC input, remote signaling on the combiner units for roof-level monitoring, plus a Type 2 AC SPD at the AC board. That is a coordinated, documented specification \u2014 not a box picked on discharge current alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n

                      Selection matrix: from PV system to a specified DC SPD<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                      The matrix below turns the four inputs into a first-pass specification. Read across from the system and its exposure to the type, voltage class, discharge rating, and where the device belongs. Confirm the exact figures against the array calculation and the SPD datasheet before ordering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      PV system and exposure<\/th>SPD type<\/th>Ucpv class<\/th>\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f<\/th>Location<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                      Residential rooftop, no external LPS<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/td>Match system (600 \/ 1000 V)<\/td>In sized to exposure; Imax with margin<\/td>Inverter DC input; add array end if run > ~10 m<\/td><\/tr>
                      Commercial rooftop, no external LPS<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/td>1000 \/ 1500 V<\/td>Higher In for repeated duty<\/td>Inverter DC input and combiner box<\/td><\/tr>
                      Commercial rooftop with LPS present<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/td>1000 \/ 1500 V<\/td>Iimp (10\/350 \u00b5s) plus In\/Imax<\/td>Inverter DC input and combiner box<\/td><\/tr>
                      Exposed ground-mount \/ hilltop \/ high flash density<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/td>1500 V<\/td>Iimp rated for partial lightning current<\/td>Combiner and recombiner boxes; inverter DC input<\/td><\/tr>
                      Utility-scale free-field array<\/td>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1+2<\/td>1500 V<\/td>High Iimp and In; remote signaling<\/td>Every combiner\/recombiner and inverter station, per protection zones<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                      Notice what the matrix does not include: a battery or energy-storage DC bus. IEC 61643-31 and IEC 61643-32 cover the PV generator and inverter DC side up to 1500 V DC; they explicitly do not cover PV systems with energy storage. A battery DC bus needs its surge protection assessed under its own requirements, so do not assume a PV-string SPD is a drop-in for the storage side \u2014 specify that separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n

                      The mistakes that undersize or void a PV DC SPD<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

                      Most failed or ineffective PV surge protection traces back to a short list of avoidable errors. Each one has a direct consequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n